Identification of 22 novel loci associated with urinary biomarkers of albumin,sodium, and potassium excretion

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益肠通秘汤联合中药热奄包治疗老年脾肾阳虚型慢性便秘效果观察

目的探讨益肠通秘汤联合中药热奄包治疗老年脾肾阳虚型慢性便秘的临床疗效。方法选取2016年4月至2017年1月湖北省中医院肛肠科收治的60例老年脾肾阳虚型慢性便秘患者作为研究对象,并按照随机数表法随机分为试验组(30例)与对照组(30例),其中试验组患者在口服益肠通秘汤的同时采用中药热奄包热敷治疗,对照组患者单纯口服乳果糖口服溶液治疗,对比观察两组患者的腹胀、排便时间、排便顺畅度、便后不尽感等变化情况以及临床疗效与复发情况。结果治疗14 d后,两组患者腹胀、排便时间、排便顺畅度及便后不尽感较治疗前均明显改善,且尤以试验组改善最为显著,两组患者腹胀、排便时间、排便顺畅度及便后不尽感评分分别与治疗前对比,P均0.05,差异具有统计学意义;治疗14 d后,两组患者腹胀及便后不尽感评分对比,P均0.05,差异具有统计学意义;治疗14 d后,两组患者排便时间及排便顺畅度评分对比,P均0.05,差异无统计学意义;治疗14 d后,试验组患者中痊愈17例、显效6例、有效4例、无效3例、总有效率为90. 00%,对照组患者中痊愈9例、显效8例、有效3例、无效10例、总有效率为66.67%,两组对比,P0.05,差异具有统计学意义;治疗后6个月随访,试验组17例痊愈患者中复发4例,对照组9例痊愈患者中复发6例。结论益肠通秘汤联合中药热奄包治疗老年脾肾阳虚型慢性便秘,可有效缓解患者腹胀不适、排便时间延长、排便费力及便后不尽感等临床症状,疗效显著,且复发率较低,值得临床推广应用。     

Modelling human pathology of traumatic brain injury in animal models

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by a head impact with a force exceeding regular exposure from normal body movement which the brain normally can accommodate. People affected include, but are not restricted to, sport athletes in American football, ice hockey, boxing as well as military personnel. Both single and repetitive exposures may affect the brain acutely and can lead to chronic neurodegenerative changes including chronic traumatic encephalopathy associated with the development of dementia. The changes in the brain following TBI include neuroinflammation, white matter lesions, and axonal damage as well as hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of tau protein. Even though the human brain gross anatomy is different from rodents implicating different energy transfer upon impact, especially rotational forces, animal models of TBI are important tools to investigate the changes that occur upon TBI at molecular and cellular levels. Importantly, such models may help to increase the knowledge of how the pathologies develop, including the spreading of tau pathologies, and how to diagnose the severity of the TBI in the clinic. In addition, animal models are helpful in the development of novel biomarkers and can also be used to test potential disease‐modifying compounds in a preclinical setting.     

Searching for Serum Antibodies to Neuronal Proteins in Patients With Myalgic Encephalopathy/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

PurposeA role for the immune system in causing myalgic encephalopathy/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is long suspected, but few studies have looked for specific autoantibodies that might contribute to the symptoms. Our aim was to look for evidence of antibodies to neuronal proteins in patients with ME/CSF.MethodsSera samples from 50 patients and 50 healthy individuals were sent coded to the Neuroimmunology Laboratory in Oxford. Screening for antibody binding to neuronal tissue was performed on brain tissue and neuronal cultures. Specific serum antibodies were assessed by antigen-specific cell-based assays and radioimmunoassays. After antibody testing, the associations between seropositive status and clinical data were investigated.FindingsOverall, 8 patients and 11 participants were found to have some serum immunoreactivity toward neuronal or neuromuscular junction proteins, but only 1 patient and 2 participants had specific serum antibodies. Nevertheless, seropositive status in patients with ME was associated with shorter duration since onset and a more severe disease.ImplicationsThe results indicate no overall increased frequency of antibodies to neuronal proteins in ME/CSF and no evidence of a specific antibody that might be causative or contribute to clinical features in patients. However, the association of seropositive status with shorter duration of disease and more severe symptoms suggests a possible role of antibodies at onset in some patients and should be the focus of future studies.     

呼吸专科护士慢性呼吸疾病管理现状调查

目的调查呼吸专科护士慢性呼吸疾病管理现状,为提高慢性呼吸疾病的管理水平提供参考。方法依据《中国成人慢性呼吸疾病患者护理管理指南》设计调查问卷,对重庆、四川、贵州、陕西、河北、湖北、海南7省市的205名呼吸专科护士进行问卷调查。结果呼吸专科护士慢性呼吸疾病管理总分为(140.72±23.90)分。慢性呼吸疾病管理得分最低的3个条目有评估工具应用、个性化管理计划的实施、慢阻肺随访的次数及指导哮喘患者使用峰流速仪;呼吸专科护士所在单位慢性呼吸疾病管理平台建设均低于50%。结论呼吸专科护士慢性呼吸疾病管理处于中等偏下水平,评估是慢性呼吸疾病管理的薄弱点。需加强呼吸专科护士专业能力培养,规范慢性呼吸疾病全程管理,强化医院平台建设等,提高慢性呼吸疾病的管理水平。     

Felbamate produces antidepressant‐like actions in the chronic unpredictable mild stress and chronic social defeat stress models of depression

Felbamate is an anticonvulsant used in the treatment of epilepsy. In this study, we investigated the antidepressant‐like actions of felbamate in mice. The effects of felbamate were first assessed using the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST), and then investigated in the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) models of depression. The changes in the hippocampal brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling cascade after chronic stress and felbamate treatment were also examined. It was found that felbamate exhibited antidepressant‐like activities in the FST and TST without affecting the locomotor activity of mice. Felbamate was also effective in both the CUMS and CSDS models of depression. Moreover, felbamate administration fully restored the decreased hippocampal BDNF signaling pathway in both the CUMS‐stressed and CSDS‐stressed mice. Collectively, felbamate has antidepressant‐like actions in mice involving the hippocampal BDNF system.